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Computer Security

 

Meaning :  Mechanism or technique applied for the protection of computer hardware and software is known as computer security. The enemies of computer are dust particle, virus, extreme temperature, faulty wiring etc.

Hard ware security :

Techniques/ mechanisms for the protection of hardware equipments of computer system is called hardware security. Some of the hardware measure are as follows:

(i)                 Regular maintenance : Daily cleaning of room, dust particles from computer, checking electric power and cables keep the compute system up to date.    

(ii)               Power  protection : Computer needs 220 to 240 volt( AC) power supply for its smooth operation. So to supply the power regularly power protection devices can be used.

(a)                UPS : It is an electrical device which stores the electric power in its backup battery and supplies to the computer in case of power cut off/ blackout. It is the most reliable device for continuous power supply to the computer. Therefore, it protects from loss of data due to power cut off and safeguard from short circuit. Besides UPS, volt guard, stabilizer, spike guard are also the power protection devices.

(iii)              Air conditioning : Computers should be operated in a appropriate temperature. Very high temperature may expand circuit and cause slow down and cause hang the computer. Similarly, very low temperature may cause deposition of water particle on the circuit. Therefore, temperature between 180c to 240c should be maintained in a computer room. AC and Inlet/Outlet fan can be used to maintain temperature.

(iv)              Dust free environment : Dust particles deposited on the circuit board, RAM , hard disk etc. may cause blockade of current and data flow or crash the hard disk. Therefore, dust free environment should be maintained inside computer room by closing windows and door , by cleaning room regularly etc.

(v)               Access control : Unnecessary person should not be allowed inside a computer room. The entry and exit point can be controlled, by managing security guard, Door Lock, electronic card system etc.

(vi)              Insurance policy : Incase of loss of computer property due to natural disaster, theft, robbery, malfunctioning etc, the insurance company will compensate the loss. Therefore, the organization should not suffer from economic crisis.

 

Software security :

 

Protection of program and data against virus, hacking, corruption etc. is known as software security.

We can follow the following measures for software security .

a.                  Password: It the collection of secret code or characters which prevents unauthorized users accessing particular application or file. Password can be applied in system or in a particular file. Tips to use password.

·                    Use password longer than 6 characters

·                    Apply both alphabets and digits.

·                    Change the password regularly

·                    Do not tell or give password to others.

b.                  Back up :  Back up is the process of  storing copy of data and program in secondary storage media( floppy disk, CD, pen drive, Hard disk). In case of loss of original data and program , user can reuse/ reinstall from back up copy. In this way, backup provides security of data and program.

c.         Hard lock key : It is a kind of checking point in program  running time. User needs to type a password, when a software asks to type hard lock key. If it matches, the program continues, otherwise it halts. Thus, it helps to check software piracy.

d. Antivirus program( virus scanning) : Infection of computer virus cause losses of data and program . Therefore, antivirus program should be installed in a computer to detect and scan the virus. In this way it keeps the data and program safe.

 e. Defragmentation:  It is the process of  accumulating scattered data into a particular sector of  a disk, so that disk accesses faster. It increases the life of hard disk.

f. Scandisk : Process of checking condition of files and folder for bad cluster, error and lost chains from the disk. It fixes such errors and maintains the good condition of files in the disk.